Potassium

Question: potassium?? What foods have potassium in them besides banannas.

Answer: Papaya has the most, then Bananas Apple Apricot, fresh Banana Dates, dried Grapes, green seedless Orange Juice, fresh Papaya Peach Pineapple, fresh Prune Juice, unsweetened Raisins Strawberries, fresh Asparagus, cooked Artichoke Brocolli Cabbage, cooked Celery, raw Corn, on cob Green Beans Green Pepper Kidney Beans, canned Lettuce, iceburg Lettuce, romaine Onion Peas, fresh cooked Potato, baked with skin Pumpkin, canned Spinach, steamed Sweet Potato Tomato Ice Cream Milk, skim Yogurt, lowfat Bread, wheat Brazil Nuts Egg Hamburger Peanuts, roasted w/skin Peanut Butter, natural Rice, brown Rice, white Salmon, canned

Question: What is the difference between Potassium and potassium chloride? What is the differance between Potassium and potassium chloride in mineral supplements? I'm supplosed to take a potassium supplement but when I look at the back for ingrediance of the supplements some say potassium and some say potassium chlordie.

Answer: Potassium is elemental potassium. Potassium chloride is a compound that has potassium bound to chloride. KCl (potassium chloride) is usually found in supplements. But, the taste of elemental potassium is nasty and bitter. Adding chloride makes the supplement more palatable. KCl is often used as a salt (sodium salt ) substitute.

Question: What is the difference between potassium chloride an potassium bicarbonate? In terms of healthy balance of bodily electrolytes, I'm not sure what difference there is between the two. Is it as simple as potassium chloride is the combination of the electrolytes potassium + chloride while potassium bicarbonate is the combination of the electrolytes potassium + bicarcarbonate? I'm not sure if it breaks down that simply.

Answer: Yes, it actually is that simple. Potassium bonds very well to both chloride and bicarbonate. Potassium has a +1 charge, while both chloride and bicarbonate have a -1 charge. Check out this site for a detailed description of these three electrolytes and their effect on the body: http://www.medicinenet.com/electrolytes/article.htm

Question: what is the difference between potassium chlorate and potassium chloride? I'm trying to find out the chemical difference between potassium chlorate and potassium chloride for use in an experiment. I need to know because I'm trying to make sure I'm not produce anything harmful the health of myself or others, I need it to be safe. I would also like to know where i could purchase these compounds. I know that potassium chloride can be found in fertilizers, but where would i get potassium chlorate? I'm looking for the difference in a reaction with glucose: would either be harmful?

Answer: potassium chlorate - KCl04 potassium chloride - KCl

Question: How many times larger is a potassium atom than the potassium nucleus in terms of volume? The nucleus of a potassium atom has a diameter on the order of 1x10^-5 nm. A potassium atom has a diameter of approximately 0.5 nm. In terms of volume, how many times larger is the potassium atom than the potassium nucleus? Please help me solve this. Thanks!

Answer: Let's assume both the atom and its nucleus are spheres. The volume of a sphere is: V = 4/3 π r³. Since we are taking the ratios of the volumes of the spheres, it is not necessary to to actually calculate the volumes, all we need to do is take the ratio of the cubes of the radii, which are half of the given diameters. (0.5x10^-5 nm)³ / (0.25 nm)³ = 1.25x10^14 Obvously, the vast majority of the volume of an atom is empty space, while the vast majority of the mass of the atom is in a very small place (the nucleus).

Question: How much potassium nitrate has to dissolve in water to absorb 100kJ of heat? How much potassium nitrate has to dissolve in water to absorb 100kJ of heat? (answer in kg) Potassium nitrate has a lattice energy of -163.8kcal/mol and a heat of hydration of -155.5kcal/mol. I have tried this many times with many different explanations but i cannot get the right answer so a solution and explanation would be great! Thanks!

Answer: Difficult

Question: Is hydrochlorothiazide ever given to remove excess potassium from the blood? Some people with kidney problems have an excessive amount of potassium in their blood. Is the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide(usually prescribed for high blood pressure) ever prescribed to help remove potassium? It does help remove potassium, along with sodium and other minerals, and sometimes abnormally low potassium levels are a side effect of hydrochlorothiazide.

Answer: HCTZ (hydrochlorathiazide) is a is a first line diuretic drug of the thiazide class that acts by inhibiting the kidneys' ability to retain water. This reduces the volume of the blood, decreasing blood return to the heart and thus cardiac output and, by other mechanisms, is believed to lower peripheral vascular resistance. Hydrochlorothiazide belongs to the thiazide class of diuretics, acting on the kidneys to reduce sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. This increases the osmolarity in the lumen, causing less water to be reabsorbed by the collecting ducts. This leads to increased urinary output. Generally speaking, diuretics which work on the proximal renal tubule are potassium-wasting, distal tubule diuretics waste sodium. However, if someone is truly hyperkalemic (high potassium level) the treatment depends on the symptoms or the level of hyperkalemia: Acute: When arrhythmias occur, or when potassium levels exceed 6.5 mmol/l, emergency lowering of potassium levels is mandated. Several agents are used to lower K levels. Choice depends on the degree and cause of the hyperkalemia, and other aspects of the patient's condition. Acute hyperkalemia: potassium levels exceed 6.5 mmol/l, with or without cardiac arrhythmias * Calcium supplementation (calcium gluconate 10% (10ml), preferably through a central venous catheter as the calcium may cause phlebitis) does not lower potassium but decreases myocardial excitability, protecting against life threatening arrhythmias. * Insulin (e.g. intravenous injection of 10-15u of regular insulin {along with 50ml of 50% dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia}) will lead to a shift of potassium ions into cells, secondary to increased activity of the sodium-potassium ATPase. * Bicarbonate therapy (e.g. 1 ampule (45mEq) infused over 5 minutes) is effective in cases of metabolic acidosis. The bicarbonate ion will stimulate an exchange of cellular H+ for Na+, thus leading to stimulation of the sodium-potassium ATPase. * Salbutamol (albuterol, Ventolin) is a β2-selective catecholamine that is administered by nebulizer (e.g. 10–20 mg). This drug promotes movement of K into cells, lowering the blood levels. * Refractory or severe cases may need dialysis to remove the potassium from the circulation. Generally, insulin drips are more effective than diuretic therapy.

Question: How to reduce potassium levels in the body? I am currently on medication where one effect of it is that it holds potassium in the body. What can I do to keep potassium levels normal or decrease to maintain a healthy body? Do I need to consume more salt?

Answer: First- why do you think your potassium level is high? The potassium level in the human body has a very narrow range of normal, measured by laboratory blood tests. The importance of potassium can not be overstated as an electrolyte that influences cardiac function. Trying to alter your level by yourself could be fatal. There are prescription medications that will lower your potassium level such as furosemide and sodium polystyrene sulfonate, but should only be taken under a doctors care.

Question: What occurs when potassium permanganate is added to Benzoic acid? Potassium permanganate is added to benzoic acid in a test tube and is heated in a water bath. Is there a chemical reaction that occurs? Is permanganate reduced? According to other sources, there is no reaction that occurs. However, the solution turned turbid brown. If there was no reaction, shouldn't the solution remain purple (from the KMnO4)? How does it differ to the chemical reaction that occurs between potassium permanganate and formic acid?

Answer: IF there is a change in color... it is most probable that there was a chemical reaction.... Im not so sure if this explains it correctly... anyway... 1. Benzoic Acid is a benzene ring (C6H6) with carboxylic acid (-COOH); in this case the -OH will be most likely to be attacked by electrophiles 2. Potassium Permanganate is K+ and MnO4-; 3. If we will apply the substitution reaction, K+ will react with -OH grp of COOH, forming KOH and -MnO4 will replace the -OH. 4. The same type reaction will be true for any other acid...

Question: Where can you get potassium salt to use instead of sodium salt when you use it on your food ? Is Potassium salt available in grocery stores? How can you be sure, will it say the word "potassium salt" on the label?

Answer: I actually have used two kinds of potassium salt. One is in a small blue bottle labeled Nu Salt and the other is in a white bottle (bigger) and it is called No Salt, and it does in fact say potassium on it. I have bought it at almost every local grocery store. I have also bought it at Wal Mart, K mart, Krogers, etc. It's great and much better thean sodium salt. I use it on every thing now.

Question: How much potassium should I take to avoid getting running cramps? I've been running for about the past week and I always get the same stomach cramp everytime I go. I just bought some potassium supplements to prevent the cramps. I'm 15 and I weigh 130 pounds. Each supplement pill is 99mg. How much should I take?

Answer: It is likely you are experiencing a "runners stitch" and not some low levels of potassium. I would recommend that if you are taking in normal food, a vitamin supplement and have normal kidneys, no additional K+ supplement is necessary. See the link below for some explanations of what a runners stitch is thought to be.

Question: What are the percent natural abundance of each potassium isotope? Potassium has two main isotopes, potassium-39 and potassium-41. Potassium-39 has an atomic mass of 38.964 amu, and potassium-41 has and atomic mass of 40.962 amu. According to the periodic table of the elements, potassium has an average atomic mass of 39.098 amu. What are the percent abundances of each potassium isotope? I also need an explanation of how it was done, mathematically. It says to show my work, but I have no clue.

Answer: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso019.html Natural Abundance & Half-life K-39 93.2581% Stable K-40 0.0117% 1.265×10+9 years K-41 6.7302% Stable

Question: What is the difference between monopotassium aspartate and potassium gluconate? I want to know how much daily recommended value of potassium something is because I'm needing higher than 3% in a single pill so I don't have to take so many daily. In the potassium gluconate pills the daily amount is only 3% and I've found some that have monopotassium aspartate 250mg and it doesn't say how much that is in a recommended daily value. I am needing to suppliment my potassium by at least 80% of the daily recommended value and at 3% per pill that takes 25+ pills a day.

Answer: Eat bananas... they're high in potassium. V8 is also has potassium in it. Chemistry-wise, most of the weight in potassium aspartate is going to come from the carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms in the compound (it is an amino acid with a molecular weight of 133). In contrast, it contains only one potassium per molecule, which has a molecular weight of 39. So for every mg of potassium aspartate, most of the weight is from the aspartate. I'd say stick with diet-related intake of potassium until you can find a pill with more K in it.

Question: What happens when potassium oxidizes in the air? I am doing a science presentation on potassium and I need to know what happens when it oxidizes in the air (does it rust, etc.). Thank you very much! I dont quite understand... can you say it in more basic terms? Does it undergo any physical changes? Thanks!

Answer: Well the ionic equation for this is 4K+ + O2 -2 ------> K4O2

Question: What does having high potassium do to you? I am on a potassium supplement along with numerous diuretics for Cardiomyopathy. I recently had my potassium tested and it was 4.7- I have heard that 3.5-4.5 are the normal range. My cardiologist is going to check me again in 2 weeks but did not change my potassium dosage. I am having pvcs, which I usually do anyway, but wondering if they are up because of the high potassium.

Answer: 4.7 is nothing to be concerned about. Yes, having abnormal potassium levels (high or low) can definitely cause some abnormal rhythms to occur, but usually the levels would be extremely high/low. Of course, every person and body is different and can react differently to the slightest change. I have seen K+ (potassium) levels as high as >6 or higher and as low as < 2. Some with many PVC's and some with none. Jus keep following it closely. It sounds like you are following your health closely and that is the best thing you can do.

Question: What will happen if potassium ion in a solution bathing resting-state nerve cell is raised tenfold? The answer is that the decrease in normal potassium gradient will cause partial depolarization. I cant understand why this happens. Can somebody explain this?

Answer: This is because the solution in which the nerve cell is in in other words the "extracellular solution" has had its potassuim concentration increased so there is more potassium outside with respect to inside of the nerve cell therefore potassium will move down its concentration gradient into the nerve cell via the potassium ion channels within the membrane of the nerve cell, so this means that positive ions are entering the nerve cell which means depolarisation is occuring as the membrane potential is becoming more positive, usually this happens when sodium enters but in this case because it is potassium partial depolarization occurs.