Adenosine

Question: What are the differences between adenosine kinase and adenylate kinase proteins in plants? I'm supposed to post a question on bioinformatics for my plant biology class that I will research and answer in the future. I wanted to ask what the structure and purpose or adenosine kinase was in arabidopsis plants, but I also discovered an enzyme called adenylate kinase. If anyone knows the functions/differences between these proteins it would help me to develop a good research question.

Answer: Adenosine kinase (ADK) is involved in the salvage pathways of both adenine (Ade) and Ado and thus is a component of the adenylate metabolic network. Ade and Ado salvage activities are important for a number of reasons: (a) They prevent the accumulation of possibly inhibitory concentrations of these purines; (b) they efficiently recycle Ade and Ado into the adenylate pools; and (c) they convert cytokinin (CK) bases and ribosides to their corresponding nucleotides. Because cytokinin bases and possibly ribosides are thought to be the active forms of cytokinins, their conversion to the inactive nucleotide may be important in regulating the level of this hormone in plant cells. Adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMK; adenylate kinase) catalyses the reversible formation of ADP by the transfer of one phosphate group from ATP to AMP, thus equilibrating adenylates.

Question: Is adenosine given in private family practice or only in the hospital? I know why the drug is given--I'm wondering if general family practice physicians give the drug for supraventricular tachacardia or if someone would only be given adenosine in the ER or as an admitted patient. thanks!

Answer: Most FP doc's wouldn't stock it. It would go bad before it was used. In my past experience as a medic, most FP docs want the emergency patients out of the office ASAP.

Question: Question about Adenosine? Is the stress test with adenosine a treatment or is it to determine a problem? I was having irrregular heart beats. ER and conducted Stress test with 4 minute adenosine injection. Like a truck hit me in the chest. Was it to clear up the irregular beat, or was it simply to determine if other problems exist? Wont see my cardiologist for another 3 weeks.

Answer: If you were having a fast and irregular heartbeat, over 120/min and it was done in the ER it was probably to convert you to a regular rhythm. There is an adenosine stress test but is not usually done in the ER, but on a scheduled basis for follow-up or for recent chest pains and used for people that are unable to exercise for the regular stress test. In cases of fast heart rhythm (SVT) The adensosine rapidly changes the heart rate from 120-200 beats per minute to 60-100 beats per minute and is not a very pleasant feeling. It is just such a big change that your body takes awhile to adjust to it.

Question: What is ATP, otherwise known as adenosine triphosphate? What is ATP, also known as adenosine triphosphate? -Thank you so much, I am very confused and no internet definition is very clear, or simple.

Answer: its the energy your body uses, everything you do takes ATP

Question: What happens to adenosine triphosphate in humans when we die? If humans produce ATP, and energy is never created or destroyed, what happens to ATP? Does this have anything to do with the theory of relativity (mass and energy cannot exist without each other)? Please. My curiosity is overwhelming.

Answer: you're getting a couple of concepts confused... ATP isn't "energy"--it's a molecule. in other words, matter. your body creates it in a chemical reaction that involves sticking a phosphate onto ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a useful molecule because it takes a lot of energy to make--so when it's broken down (in other chemical reactions in your body), that energy is released. that's not to say that ATP-after-death isn't interesting, however--ever heard of rigor mortis? when we die, our muscles contract partway. But no more ATP is being made--and muscles need ATP to relax, too. that's why bodies become stiff. the muscles are "locked in" because there is no more ATP around to 'free' them.

Question: How much does an Adenosine nuclear stress test cost? My grandma is having one done and just want to know the scope of cost for her. She has medicare but that's all. Thanks for your help!

Answer: Here is the total cost in US $: Adenosine. $36. Fujisawa Healthcare. Professional fee. $175. Cost of nuclear stress imaging. $1093. $700-$1300. If you are living in UK I can recommend you for a lower than above. Anyway you can write me the country, may be I have some one over there to help you out.

Question: What kind of bonds does caffeine form with the adenosine receptor? What anchors it there to that receptor? Salt bridges? Hydrogen bonds? What kind of chemistry bonds? A source would be awesome as well.

Answer: Do you know that consume 500 to 600 milligrams of caffeine a day, or about four to seven cups of coffee, can cause restlessness, anxiety, headaches and other problems. For information on Caffeine Content of Food & Drugs please visit the link @ http://www.yourinsomniacure.com/Caffeine_Content_Table.html

Question: what materials are needed for a cell to produce a molecule of adenosine triphosphate? also, how do adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate differ in structure? in energy content? compare oxidation and reduction

Answer: a) mitochondria, adp, p, O2, glucose, water, etc b) adenosine TRIphosphate has one more phosphate than adenosine DIphosphate. ATP has a higher energy content. c) Oxidation means to increase the oxidation number of a molecule, to make it more positive, to make it lose electrons, for example, to make it unite with a highly electronegative atom such as oxygen who would steal the electrons. Reduction (reducing ON) is the opposite process.

Question: What are the consequences of adenosine deaminase in mammals? (1)what the enzyme does? (2)causes of over activity? (3)role in diagnosis?

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Question: Can anyone give me any reliable information about adenosine? I am just trying to figure out just how safe it is to use, and if people have died from it. Thank you for your help. Please give any references that you can as well. My mother is in the hospital and they are talking about administering this to her. Thanks again.

Answer: Hi. No doctor would be considering giving your mother Adenosine unless it's absolutely necessary. It's a drug we use to correct heart rhythm. I'm guessing that your mothers heart is in a rhythm called SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia), If this is the case, it means your mothers heart is beating way too fast and the rhythm is life threatening if it's left untreated. Adenosine will correct the rhythm and get your mothers heart to beat in Normal Sinus Rhythm (the normal rhythm of your heart). Adenosine is given intravenously (through the vein) and doses of 6-12mg shouldn't have any adverse effects. If more than that is needed, it's given by infusion, it can cause the blood pressure drop. Nursing staff will be monitoring this closely and it will be acted quickly if it happens, so don't worry. I'm sure your mother will be good hands. I'm a registered nurse on an emergency department, and we've given Adenosine countless times to people in SVT, without any problem whatsoever. Every drug has is risks and side effects - even Paracetamol (Tylenol), which no-one thinks anything of taking. Medicine is all about weighing up benefit against risk. Using Adenosine, the benefit is far greater than the risk. For further information on Adenosine, go to www.drugs.com Hope this helps.

Question: How do plant and animal cells obtain their supply of adenosine triphosphate?

Answer: animal cells use cellular respiration via the oxidation of glucose. Plant cells use photosynthesis reactions.

Question: What the heck is a Adenosine Triphosphate? Please help :( Where is it found? what does it do? is it a animal/plant or both Thank you. I need help its for science I dont get it! :(

Answer: Adenosine Triphosphate, otherwise known as ATP, is a molecule that both animal and plant cells use for energy. Cells store energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP, adenosine diphosphate, to form ATP. When this bond is broken, changing the ATP back to ADP, energy is released and used to drive cellular processes, such as active transport of substances into or out of the cell.

Question: Why does caffeine prevent adenosine from working? Why do methylxanthines prevent binding of adenosine at receptor sites? Also, Does adenosine only dilate the blood vessels in the brain or the whole body?

Answer: Since caffeine and other methyxanthines act as competitive antagonists to adenosine. This means that they bond to the same receptor site but fail to activate it. As they are bound to the receptor, the true agonist is unable to bind and activate that receptor. Similar to carbon monoxide, caffeine could have a higher affinity to the receptor thus attaching to the receptor longer and/or displacing adenosine from the receptor to attach. As for the role of adenosine in dilation of blood vessels, I have only found that it dilates coronary arteries and constricts the the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus.

Question: Where do the letters "aden" and "ine" come from in the word adenosine? Adenosine as aword made up of a combination of letters from two different words. Part of the word comes from ribose (the letters "os"), but where do the "aden" and "ine" come from?

Answer: Aden- comes from the greek work adenas which means gland. I suppose this compound was first isolated from glands. The -ine part is just a chemical name ending for nucleic acids.

Question: What are the components of adenosine in Cellular Respiration?

Answer: how do you mean this, do you mean what does adenosine look like in the cell, its structure? or do you mean what does it function as within the cell? charlie

Question: Which statement best describes the function of adenosine tri-phosphate (or atp) in a cell? A. ATP stores the genetic information of the cell. B. ATP transports molecules against their concentration gradient in the process of active transport. C. ATP is used by the mitochondira to break down glucose in respiration. D. ATP stores energy produced by respiration for use by the proteins around the cell to do cellular work.

Answer: D. ATP is the "energy currency of the cell.." A is wrong - it is DNA B. is wrong ATP is used in active transport but is not the transporting molecule. C. is wrong ATP is produced in gylcolysis