Carbon

Question: carbon????? how many number of electrons are in carbon ?

Answer: 6 electron (can be found in the periodic table; the number which is above C is the atomic # and the number below C is the atomic mass)

Question: CARBON?????????????!?!?!? how many electrons does carbon need to gain in order to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration

Answer: Carbon????????????!?!?!? needs to gain 4 electrons to have the same electron configuration as Neon

Question: What happens to the 3 carbon atoms of a molecule of pyruvic acid that enters the Krebs cycle? A) The three carbon molecules are released in the form of carbon dioxide. B) One carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide and two carbons are incorporated into a molecule of acetyl CoA. C) Two carbons are released in the form of carbon dioxide and one carbon is incorporated into a molecule of acetyl CoA. D) All three molecules of carbon are incorporated into molecules of acetyl CoA.

Answer: B).One carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide and two carbons are incorporated into a molecule of acetyl CoA. The two carbons in acetyl CoA combine with oxaloacetate in the Cycle to form citrate.

Question: How much carbon is recycled and stored in the living biosphere? Is 90% of the carbon being used by living bodies, 9% in CO2 in the ocean/atmosphere and 1% of the carbon stored in dead stuff like fossel fuel? What is the ratio of these carbon stores?

Answer: No one really knows. There is lot of uncertainty in the carbon cycle. The UN has a graphic at: http://www.grida.no/climate/vital/13.htm You will need to calculate the ratios yourself. The key factoid to note is that the uncertainty in the intermediate and deep water reservoirs is 2,000 gigatonnes, and mankind's contribution to atmospheric CO2 is 5.5 gigatonnes per year. (Different sources have different numbers for the reservoirs and fluxes.) Mankind's contribution is so dwarfed by the uncertainties that making a case we are responsible for climate change .... is a bit of a stretch.

Question: How do you offset the carbon produced from journeys other than those involving flying? I have found ways to offset the carbon put into the atmosphere from flights, and ways to calculate your annual carbon footprint, but I haven't found any way to calculate the carbon you offset when travelling by any means other than flying. Does anyone know how to calculate the carbon emissions from and then offset ferry, car and train journeys, for example, without just donating a random amount?

Answer: You can contact the administrators of whatever site you use to offset flight carbon and ask them what their mathematical equation is. You can also contact an environmental organization and ask what they would recommend. For small trips you could volunteer to clean up a park or plant a tree in your neighborhood to do labor as a carbon offset.

Question: How is carbon dating done on inorganic objects when there is no decayed carbon to date? Feel free to also explain how we know that carbon decays at a constant rate, especially now that we know that the speed of light is not a constant.

Answer: C 14 dating can not be used on inorganic material. Geologists use other radioactive isotopes such as Ar-40 to Ar-39, K-Ar, U-Pb, Rb-St dating. Decay constants can be neasured in controlled labratory setting. Where did you read that the speed of light is not a constant. That is news to me.

Question: How is carbon exchanged between plants and animals? I am having a difficultly understanding the difference between carbon transfers and carbon dioxide transfers. I also need to know the answer to my question. All help is appreicated! Thanks!

Answer: All food is carbon based, plants take CO2 in and make sugars from it, which are later formed into more complex molecules. Animals can not make their own food, they have to eat food that has been produced by plants. When they eat food they are absorbing carbon into their bodies, thus animals accept carbon from plants. Animals breathe oxygen and exhale CO2 which is produced from digestion, the CO2 can then be transferred to the plants again. Kind of cool, huh?

Question: How much carbon is traded on individual emissions trading schemes world wide? What is the price of carbon? How much does the price of carbon emissions fluxuate?

Answer: Big Al Gore's wealth redistribution scheme at work. Newflash" IT IS ALL ABOUT MONEY, NOT THE ENVIRONMENT

Question: Will a carbon filter in my fish tank take out the Carbon Dioxide I'm injecting for my live plants? I recently just started growing live plants in my tank, and have a DIY injection system for CO2. Will placing the black carbon in my filter remove all of the CO2 I'm injecting into the tank?

Answer: A carbon filter will not strip CO2 from the water. However unregulated applications of CO2 can have important effects on the pH of your tank. To avoid buying an expensive CO2 monitor, you should perform regular once or twice a week pH tests and use the results to increase or decrease the CO2 amount. Also if using carbon in your filters be sure to only purchase "laboratory grade" charcoal and remove it every 30 days. After 30 days charcoal will begin leaching the removed impurities back into your system. This is especially true for phosphates. The greatest source of phosphates in aquaria is fish food. This is an important reason to reduce the size and frequency of feedings in a planted tank.

Question: What two types of carbon-carbon bonds are never found in a saturated hydrocarbon? What two types of carbon-carbon bonds are never found in a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer: Double bonds and triple bonds. They only contain single bonds. Single bonds are just sigma bonds, double bonds are one sigma and one pi bond, triple bonds are one sigma and two pi bonds.

Question: What is the percentage of carbon in the compound, carbon monoxide? What is the percentage of carbon in the compound, carbon monoxide?

Answer: Divide the molar mass of carbon by the formula mass of carbon monoxide and multiply by 100. (12.01)/(12.01+16.00)*100

Question: How do I offset the carbon emissions caused by farting? One of the gases released from flatulence is carbon dioxide. I enjoy eating bean burritos which among other foods is known for causing wind. I feel terribly guilty every time let one rip, that I might be melting a glacier or causing the death of a polar bear. Without giving up these foods, what measures can be taken to offset these carbon emissions so that I can stay fart-carbon neutral?

Answer: nothing like sarcasm

Question: How long should I leave carbon in my filter for? I'm planning to put carbon temporarily in my topical tank's external filter just to get rid of any left-over medication, then I'll remove it. How long should the carbon be left in the filter in order for it to absorb the medication before I can take it out? Is just one turnover enough (eg 1 hour), or does the water require several passes thro' carbon before it's completely safe? Thanks.

Answer: Leave it in over night should do it. Carbon actually becomes inactive and "dead" after about 48 hours anyway. Have a read of this: http://www.theaquariumwiki.com/Activated_Carbon

Question: What can happen over millions of years to the carbon compounds in organisms that die and decompose? Also.... What processes in the transparency release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? And... What are the two major reservoirs of carbon dioxide on Earth? Lastly... What are the forms in which carbon is found in the Ocean? Thanks. We're learning about the carbon cycle in school, and our teacher gave us this list of questions that are supposed to help us better understand it. I don't understand the carbon cycle at all. Oh, fyi, this is not homework, and i am not asking you to assist me.

Answer: > What can happen over millions of years to the carbon compounds in organisms that die and decompose? LOL. Most of it becomes carbon dioxide relatively quickly. The rest can become "fossil fuels" such as peat, coal, and crude petroleum. > What processes in the transparency release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? I don't know what you mean by "transparency" in this context. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmospere by: a) respiration of aerobic organisms. b) burning; this can be naturally occurring fires, or burning of fossil fuels. c) equilibrium with the oceans d) volcanic activity e) the action of acid on limestone > What are the two major reservoirs of carbon dioxide on Earth? The oceans and the atmosphere. > What are the forms in which carbon is found in the Ocean? I don't know. How about a guess? dissolved gaseous carbon dioxide dissociated carbonic acid bicarbonate ion various forms of biologically fixed carbon compounds such as calcium carbonate the living things themselves

Question: What is the difference between carbon dioxide and carbon minoxide? People talk about carbon dioxide in the air, but doesn't carbon minoxide come from cars?

Answer: Carbon dioxide is CO2, it is formed by complete combustion of a carbon source. Carbon monoxide is CO, it is formed when there is insufficient oxygen to completely combust part of the carbon. Actually, both come from cars and pretty much anything else that involves burning something although CO2 is by far the predominate component. Animals and humans also generate CO2 from exhalation. This CO2 is used by plants in the production of cellulose and other materials. The reason for concern about carbon monoxide is that it is poisonous. CO binds to the hemoglobin in your blood so much better than oxygen that it doesn't come off easily and can lead to death because you blood can't carry enough oxygen anymore.

Question: Can carbon dating tell the difference between an object from on century and one from a century earlier? Say you have a pyramid built in 1500 BC, will carbon dating be able to tell if another pyramid was built in 1600 BC?

Answer: Unfortunately, carbon dating methods are completely inaccurate and anyone who uses them uses them with a preknowledge of when they expect the object they have to fit into either the geologic or historic timescale. Carbon dating makes certain assumptions that cause it to be in error almost at every point. The essential concept is that the ratio of Carbon 14 which is an isotope of carbon 12 on the planet is a constant. It says that as the amount of the two in relation to each other should vary and that varience should tell you something about when that object was formed. Scientist know within confident bounds the half life of the carbon 14 isotope and can measure its presence in the object. Contrasting that number with what they assume was the total amount at the objects formation they can arrive at an estimated date of formation and or death in some cases. However, this relies on a lot of assumptions, including variables in decay rates based on outside influences, the total starting amount of c14 and c12, etc and etc. So, unfortunately, trying to date two pyramids so close in age would be impossible for radiocarbon dating methods and anyone who says otherwise is making a quess, assuming they know anything about carbon dating or is lying.